The UK does not usually stop you physically entering after an overstay. Instead, it has fixed periods during which most applications for entry clearance or permission will be refused. People call these re-entry bans.
How the ban works
The Immigration Rules set “mandatory refusal periods”. If you breached the rules by overstaying, applications you make within the period are normally refused, whatever their merits. The period runs from the date you leave the UK. It does not run while you are still in the UK.
The usual periods
- No ban: you overstayed by 30 days or less and left voluntarily at your own expense.
- 12 months: you left voluntarily at your own expense after overstaying by more than 30 days.
- 2 years: you left voluntarily at public expense (a Home Office funded return) within 6 months of being notified that you were liable for removal, or of your appeal rights ending.
- 5 years: you left voluntarily at public expense, but more than 6 months after that point.
- 10 years: you were removed or deported, or you used deception in an application (for example false documents or false information).
This is a summary of the Immigration Rules, which were restructured into Part Suitability in late 2025. Check the current wording on GOV.UK before relying on it for a decision.
“Own expense” and “public expense”
Leaving “at your own expense” means you pay for your own travel. Leaving “at public expense” means the Home Office funds it, for example through a voluntary return scheme. The difference can decide the length of your ban, so get advice before accepting help to leave.
The 30-day line
The 30 days are counted from the day after your permission ended. A person who leaves on day 30 is treated very differently from a person who leaves on day 31. If you are close to the line, the calculator on the home page shows your count.
Ban versus other consequences
A ban is only part of the picture. The overstay is still recorded and many countries ask whether you have overstayed. You can read more in the consequences of overstaying.
Can a ban be avoided or shortened?
Some cases have exceptions or can be handled differently, for example where you are protected from removal or there are exceptional compassionate reasons. These depend on detailed facts, so ask an adviser. If you are within the first 14 days, the 14-day rule may also help.